With their increasing knowledge, children are taught to solve problems across a range of contexts and reason using accurate mathematical vocabulary to draw out relationships and justify their thinking. Once children have grasped concepts and can efficiently use the taught methods, they are given the opportunity to deepen their learning of age appropriate objectives through extensions and deepening reasoning and problem-solving activities.

Across Lower Key Stage Two, children develop their understanding of numbers to extend to decimals and fractions. There is a stronger emphasis placed on mental and formal written calculation methods and pupils are expected to work with increasing precision and accuracy.

Across Upper Key Stage Two, children develop their understanding of numbers to extend to larger integers. By Year 6, children will be confident with manipulating numbers up to 10,000,000. Their understanding of number is extended to include percentages, ratio and algebra. Children will be taught to accurately carry out more complex, formal written methods.